Mona baker is professor of translation studies at the university of manchester, uk. Content equivalence analysis of health news translation. Based on daoist dialectics, the author introduces a dual system. Wordsmith tools a corpus query tool software for finding word patterns. Translation equivalent translated term that is equal in meaning to the. Equivalence problems in translation nansy ahmad daoud mosleh alfaori translation department, yarmouk university, irbid, jordan equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. This paper focuses on the bottom up approach of translation, on micro level, on meanings realized through wordings which make explicit the interpretation of the meaning of a text. Mona baker in her influential book in other words 1992 addresses the.
Nonequivalence at grammatical and word level and the. Dec 21, 2010 interview with mona baker about the second revised edition of in other words a coursebook on translation. This combination of theoretical discussion and practical application provides a sound basis for the study of translation as a professional activity. A bestselling textbook like mona bakers in other words 1992 was nothing but a summary of textlinguistic categories, somehow assumed to lead to. A critical evaluation despoina panou department of education, university of leicester, uk abstractthe concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central. Ma lecture to students of translation and interpreting.
She is also covice president of the international association of translation. A translation, says neubert, has to stand in some kind of equivalence relation to the original, which means that equivalence in translation is not an isolated, quasiobjective quality, it is a functional concept that can be attributed to a particular. He mentions five levels of equivalence and one of them is grammatical equivalence. Introduction this article has taken shape as a result of translation activity when, as. This book addresses the problem by reinvestigating the system of translation. Interview by dr morven beatonthome about 2nd edition of in other words.
Mona baker and bassnett both acknowledge its importance while, at the same time. Houses theory of equivalence in translation seems to be much more flexible than catfords. The arabic dictionary equivalent of deliver is yusallim. This article questions one of the narratives that dominate our disciplinary and professional discourses on translation, namely the narrative of translation as a means of promoting peace, tolerance and. On equivalence, see for instance mona baker s routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. Grammatical equivalence in translating russian adjectives. Grammatical equivalence in translating russian adjectives and adverbs into english viktor slepovitch. To argue for the necessity of translation equivalence, we should first clarify its features. It is of great value to both vocational and academic translation trainers, translation. Lower danube university master s in translation and interpretation gala i 2011 in other words. This combination is rare and makes in other words the ideal textbook for degreelevel study in translation.
Introduction this article has taken shape as a result of translation activity. By collocation, she means words occurring together,such as how software and computer might be used in close proximity. As mentioned earlier, the analysis is largely based on the translation strategies described by mona baker 1992. This means that language which is used is unit of meaning meaning and translation 2. The notion of equivalence in translation has become a central issue since 1960s. Apr 30, 2012 translation the definition of translation there are some definitions of translation. Apr 28, 2016 translation theory equivalence in translation producer. Then the study will propose a classification of non equivalence based on mona baker s theory. Assuming no knowledge of foreign languages, it offers a practical guide based on extensive research in areas as varied as lexis, grammar, pragmatics, semiotics and ethics. However, the concept of translation equivalence is sometimes distorted, and, perhaps, this is why some people deny its validity and necessity. It is of great value to both vocational and academic translation trainers, translation scholars and practitioners, and the like.
The theory used to identify and classify the translation procedures is vinay and dalbernets theory. These theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process. Mona baker is chairman of the education and training committee of the institute of translation. Experts in translation have proposed some strategies dealing with problems of equivalence at word level and above word level by mona baker are used in the translation. October 27, 2014 mona baker articles, translation doi. Pragmatic equivalence, when referring to implicaturs and strategies of avoidance during the translation process. On equivalence, see for instance mona baker s routledge encyclopedia of translation. Much translation theory has thus been applied text linguistics. This bestselling textbook written by mona baker, a leading international figure in translation studies, is the essential coursebook for any student studying in this field.
The concept of equivalence in translation studies the concept of equivalence, which has an important role in translation studies, is a broad concept. Assuming no knowledge of foreign languages, it offers a practical guide based on extensive. Feb 03, 20 comparable considerations enter albrecht neuberts recent comments on equivalence. The aim of this study is to examine the strategies which can be used in idiom translation between source and target languages through mona baker approach.
She is founding vice president of the international association of translation. Mona baker is chairman of the education and training committee of the institute of translation and interpreting. Equivalence in translation theories academy publication. Arguably first introduced to translation and interpreting studies by baker s translation and conflict routledge 2006, social narrative theory continues to attract scholars in the field as a flexible and robust theoretical tool for academic inquiry into translation. Eventually, the study also suggests several effective strategies to deal with non. Mona baker manages to strike the right balance between stepbystep explanation of increasingly complex categories of analysis, from the lexical to the pragmatic, without sacrificing academic rigour. Interview with mona baker about the second revised edition of in other words a. Equivalence at word level the meaning of single words and expressions. Linguistic approach to translation theory translation directory. Collocational equivalence in machine translation taufik. The detachment of theory from practice has been criticized by translating practitioners. In other words a coursebook on translation mona baker london and new york first published 1992. In the introduction to the routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, editor mona baker recounts that the idea for a reference book for translation studies had been suggested to her in 1991.
Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence. The recent or novel approach which is culturebound is regarded by some other scholar like mona baker 3. The application of bakers taxonomy on translation of. Equivalence at word level in translation doina ivanov doina. Grammatical equivalence deals with grammatical categories. This study was conducted under the consideration offered by mona baker in her book in other words than in. Although this concept is defined in terms of the relations between source and target texts by some scholars such as nida and jacobson, there are also some scholars, such as. Ma lecture to students of translation and interpreting companion websites. Here baker discussescollocation, markedness, and register, as well as the translation of idiomsand fixed expressions. Pdf in other words a coursebook on translation mona baker. The various strategies used were identified with reference to the term formation strategies listed by baker 1992. Keynote address by professor mona baker at the international forum on translation and globalisation, 2011, chengdu, china.
Meaning and translation universitas negeri yogyakarta. In mona baker s 1992 own words, the strategy of translating using cultural substitution is used to replace a culturespecific item or expression with a target language item which does not have the same propositional meaning but is likely to have a similar impact on the target reader baker. Indeed, they argue that even if the semantic equivalent of an expression in the sl text is quoted in a dictionary or a. Assuming no knowledge of foreign languages, it offers a practical guide based. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are. In other words a coursebook on translation mona baker. On the study of idioms and the problem of their equivalence. She is cofounder and editorial director of st jerome publishing, a small press specializing in translation studies and crosscultural communication. Thirty five of the very best quotes on translation we actually set out to put together a list of just fifteen, but there was just so many that seemed to either make us. Jan 23, 20 equivalence above word level is the title of chapter 3. Mona baker interview in other words a coursebook on translation.
Jerome publishing which specializes in translation. With key terms defined and discussed in context, a full index, extensive crossreferences, diagrams and a full bibliography the routledge encyclopedia of translation studies is an invaluable reference work for all students and teachers of translation, interpreting, and literary and social theory. Nida states that translation consist of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style1. Some scholars use the term textbound equivalence, while others work on functional equivalence. The sl and the tl make different distinction in meaning 5. Domestication and foreignisation translation theory and. Assuming no knowledge of foreign languages, in other words offers both a practical and theoretical guide to translation. Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies 2nd edition. Further, nonequivalence in translation is discussed and substantiated by. Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated controversy, and many different theories of the. According to baker, 1992, equivalence is any meaning from the. Equivalence above word level explores combinations of words and phrases stretches of language. There is no onetoone correspondence between orthographic words and elements of meaning within or across languages.
See pause 1983, nida 2001, and cusinberche 2003, among many others. Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, edited by mona baker, 1995 descriptive translation studies and beyond, by gideon toury, 2001 the. It is considered that equivalence is the most salient feature of a quality of translation nababan. Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies baker, mona, saldanha, gabriela on. The comparison of texts in different languages inevitably involves a theory of equivalence. Similarly, the notion of shift, an important tool of analysis in. The equivalence which becomes the focus in this paper is based on the concept of equivalence above word level as proposed by mona baker. In other words has been the definitive coursebook for students studying translation for nearly three decades.
The notion of equivalence is important because it is used in defining translation itself this also makes it problematic because it is circular translation is defined in terms of equivalence and equivalence. Assuming no knowledge of foreign languages, in other words offers both a practical and theoretical guide to translation studies, and provides an important foundation for. In this case, translators are faced with text as unit of meaning in the form of sets of words or sentences. The source language sl word is semantically complex 4. Thirty five of the very best quotes on translation we actually set out to put together a list of just fifteen, but there was just so many that seemed to either make us smile andor capture the essence of what it allsooften feels like to portray one language in another, we ended up with another twenty. Traditional approaches which is taken into consideration by some translation theorists like nabokov and the others. Frog book by brain tracy 2001 and translation by morteza nazari 2010. I am not really sure this is the question, but theres a chapter in mona bakers in other words titled textual equivalence. Following mona baker s 1992 classification of difficulties and strategies and the related sub.
Rochayah machali 2001 and mona baker 1992 underline the term meaning equivalence because it is the meaning which is transferred in the target language. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with non equivalence at word level in translation supervisor. Grammatical equivalence in translating russian adjectives and. Third, the strategies to cope with these difficulties largely mentioned by mona baker s 2011 the diversity of grammatical categories across languages pp. These theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, using different approaches. Baker theorized a taxonomy which is based on equivalence. In fact, she gives authentic examples, uses complete texts and, more importantly, she relates linguistic features to the context of both source and target text. Translation theory equivalence in translation producer.
Mona baker is professor emerita of translation studies at the university of manchester, uk, and director of the shanghai jiao tong baker centre for translation and intercultural studies, china. The terms dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, coined by eugene nida, are associated with two dissimilar translation approaches that are employed to achieve different levels of literalness between the source text and the target text, as evidenced in biblical translation. In assessing the centrality of the notion of equivalence in translation studies we might note the following. Grammatical equivalence in translating russian adjectives and adverbs into english 119 the purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of practicing translators interpreters and teachers of translation to the very important issue of forming students translation. Analysis of translation strategies the analysis of data gathered for this research report is divided into several sections according to different translation strategies and where possible, tables are included. In other words is an invaluable resource for linguistic analysis in translation studies. I am not really sure this is the question, but theres a chapter in mona baker s in other words titled textual equivalence. There are some problems of equivalence of word and phrase which are faced by translators who are doing translation.
Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies mona baker. Equivalence used just for convenience mona baker distinguish between three different levels of equivalence. He introduces baker s non equivalence at word level and it is evident that translating by a general term, the use of loan word and loan word plus explanation are the chief strategies applied by. Baker 1992 however, has made classification on the notion of equivalence in translation. Jerome publishing which specializes in translation studies. The frequency of use of these term formation strategies applied to the translation task at hand were subsequently.
Mona baker born 1953 is a professor of translation studies and director of the centre for translation and intercultural studies at the university of manchester in england. Mona bakers categories of equivalence 1992, and the different strategies. How to achieve equivalence, the eternal issue in translation. The sl concept isnot lexicalized the target language tl 3. Mona baker s on equivalence pages 1 50 text version.
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